9月10日讲稿封面

9月10日讲稿

小王子第九课:Chapter Fourteen 点灯人。围绕“The fifth planet was peculiar”原文讲解 peculiar、lamp post/lamp lighter、possible/impossible、thought to himself、absurd、put out、land/greet/respect…

小王子第九课笔记:词汇句法与辩论训练

一、课程导入

本节课学习 Chapter Fourteen,课程目标如下:

掌握 35 个高频基础词汇

学习几个常见象形词源,了解单词背后的逻辑关系,帮助记忆

学习四个常见句法(在各色文本中高频使用)

巩固两个阅读技巧:意群理解法和视觉理解法

意群理解法:把句子按意群断开,每个意群代表一个 idea,把 idea 串联起来理解

视觉理解法:产生画面感,直接生成画面和语义输入脑子,不用中文过度翻译

输出练习:复述故事 + 观点辩论(难度比以往大,词汇量不够的同学先尝试复述,基础好的同学尝试输出观点)

二、原文阅读与核心词汇讲解

原文:The fifth planet was really peculiar. It was the smallest of all. There was just enough room for a lamp post and a lamp lighter.

1. peculiar

意思:奇怪的、不同寻常的、奇特的

同义词:strange

例句:The fifth planet was really peculiar.(第五个星球真的很特别/奇怪。)

2. 最高级(The Superlative)

规则一:the + 形容词 + est(音节较少的形容词)

例:the smallest, the tallest, the highest, the smartest

规则二:the most + 形容词(音节较多的形容词)

例:the most beautiful, the most intelligent, the most interesting

第 1 页

注意:最高级前面必须加 the(因为表示唯一性,需要特指)

结构:the + 最高级 + of all(所有……当中最……的)

例句:The little prince is the most interesting book of all.(《小王子》这本书是世界上最有趣的书。)

老师提示:不用深究语法,大致知道后立刻模仿,像小朋友模仿大人说话一样。

3. lamp post / lamp lighter

lamp post = lamp(灯/路灯)+ post(杆)= 路灯杆

lamp lighter = lamp(灯)+ light(灯光)+ -er(表示人)= 点灯的人

词源记忆法(L 开头):

L 的象形有两种说法:(1)指钩子,把东西勾起来;(2)与 Luna(拉丁语“月亮”)有关

月亮=Luna=光→和灯光、亮光相关的词很多是 L 开头的:

lamp(灯)、light(光)、lunar(月亮的/阴历的)、lantern(灯笼)、luminous(发光的)

4. possible / impossible

possible = 可能的

impossible = 不可能的(im-是否定前缀,表示“不”)

例句:The little prince couldn’t understand what possible use it could be to have a lamppost and a lamp lighter somewhere in the sky on the planet without houses or people.(小王子不明白,在一个没有房子和人的星球上,天空中有一盏路灯和一个点灯人,到底有什么用呢?)

第 2 页

5. 意群思维(长句理解法)

把长句按意群断开,每个意群代表一个 idea,把 idea 串联起来理解:

the little prince couldn’t understand / what possible use it could be / to have a lamp post and the lamp lighter / somewhere in the sky / on the planet without houses or people

技巧:碰到长句→断句→找每个 idea →拼凑起来→产生画面感

简化复述:The little prince couldn’t understand why there were a lamp post and a lamp lighter on the planet.

6. thought to himself

thought to oneself = 对着自己思考,心里想

例句:However, he thought to himself…(然而,他心里想……)

7. absurd

意思:荒谬的、荒诞的

同义词:peculiar, strange

例句:This man may well be absurd, but he’s less absurd than the king, the businessman or the drinker.(这个人可能很荒谬,但他比国王、商人或喝酒的人要不太荒谬一些。)

8. at least

意思:至少

例句:At least his work has meaning.(至少他的工作有意义。)

第 3 页

9. put something out

意思:熄灭(火苗、香烟等)

例句:When he puts his lamp out, the star or the flower goes back to sleep.(当他把灯灭掉的时候,星星或花就又去睡觉了。)

画面感:点起灯→星星和花绽放开来;灭掉灯→星星和花消失去睡觉→一闪一闪的灯、一闪一闪的星星、花儿绽放的样子

三、动作与互动词汇

原文:When he landed on the planet he greeted the lamplighter respectfully. Good morning. Why have you just put your lamp out? Orders, replied the lamplighter. Good morning.

1. land on

land(名词:土地)→作动词= 着陆

例:land on the planet(降落在星球上)

2. greet

意思:打招呼= say hi to someone

例:he greeted the lamplighter(他和点灯人打招呼)

3. respectfully / respect

respect(动词/名词)= 尊敬

respectfully(副词)= 尊敬地

词源记忆法(R 开头):

大写 R 的象形:古埃及人和腓尼基人把人头画成 R 的形状→演变→现代 R

R = head(头)→跟脑袋、首领、统治有关的词:

rule(规则/统治)、ruler(统治者)、respect(尊敬→向首领/地位高的人致敬)

第 4 页

regulate(监管)、regulation(规章制度)、realm(疆域/领域)

4. order / orders

意思:命令(可作动词和名词)

词源记忆法(O 开头):

O 的象形= 眼睛(像眼珠子一样的圆圈)

O = eye(眼睛)→跟眼睛有关的词:

obvious(明显的→用眼睛能看到的东西)、observe(观察)、oculist(眼科医生/眼睛专家)

order(命令→领导瞪大眼睛盯着你下命令)

5. wipe

意思:擦拭

词源记忆法(W 开头):

W 的象形= 蜿蜒的道路/曲折的东西

擦拭动作(抹布擦来擦去)像 W 的形状

搭配:wipe something with…(用……擦拭某物)

例:he wiped his forehead with a red check handkerchief(他用一块红色格子手帕擦了擦前额)

四、描述工作与状态的词汇

原文:This is a dreadful job. It used to be reasonable. I put a lamp out in the morning and I lit it in the evening. I had all day to rest and all night to sleep.

第 5 页

1. dreadful / dreary

意思:可怕的、糟糕的

同义词:terrible(太糟糕的)、unpleasant(不让人愉悦的)

例句:This is a dreadful job.(这是一份很糟糕/可怕的工作。)

2. tedious

意思:累人的、重复性的(较难词汇)

同义词:tiresome(令人疲倦的)

3. reasonable

意思:合理的、理智的

reason(名词)= 理性分析/原因

reasonable = 合理的、理智的

词源:R 开头→跟脑袋有关→要用头脑思考的东西= 理智的、合理的

4. used to be

意思:以前怎么样(现在不再这样了)

例:It used to be reasonable.(以前还挺合理的。)

5. since then

意思:自从那以后

一般跟完成时态

例:Your orders have changed since then, have they?(自从那以后你的命令改变过了吗?)

No, they haven’t.(没有改变过。)

第 6 页

6. gradually

意思:渐渐地、慢慢地

词源记忆法(G 开头):

G 的象形= 骆驼(腓尼基语 gamo,骆驼的驼峰形状)

骆驼的特点:大、走路慢→gradually = 慢慢地

相关词:giant(巨大的→骆驼很大)、great(伟大的→骆驼很大)

7. turn / once

turn = 旋转、转弯、转一圈

例:It turns once a minute.(它每分钟转一圈。)

once = 一次

例:once a minute(一分钟一次)

8. minute / moment

minute = 一分钟

moment = 一瞬间、片刻、一会儿

都是 M 开头→M 的象形= 水/波浪→时间像水一样流逝→M 开头的词跟时间有关

例:I don’t get a moment’s rest.(我连一瞬间的休息都没有。)

五、文化背景与思想思考

1. 马克思的异化理论(Theory of Alienation)

背景:小王子作者安托万生活的年代(1940 年代),欧洲社会经历重复性劳动时代,马克思主义思潮热门

核心观点:劳动会让人异化——人会从自己的劳动过程以及劳动成果当中分离出来,你生产出来的东西并不属于你

《小王子》中读到的思潮:思考工作的意义到底是什么,拼命忙碌而重复性的机械工作到底为了什么

第 7 页

2. 罗素的《In Praise of Idleness》(赞美闲暇)

背景:约 1930 年代,哲学家罗素批判同样的问题

idle = 懒散的、无所事事的

In Praise of Idleness = 赞美懒惰/赞美闲暇

Work Ethics(工作伦理):认为只有不断工作才符合美德,连休息都是罪恶的

罗素的批评观点:

以前只有少数特权阶层才能享有闲暇

特权阶级不愿让普通人享受更多闲暇

即使到了工业社会物质不再匮乏,人们仍受这套价值观影响不停工作

只有人有闲暇时,文明才能繁荣,才有科学、哲学、艺术等创造力领域的发展

罗素观点转述:

Leisure is important to our civilization because it helps us develop arts, science and philosophies.

金句:

A great deal of harm is being done in the modern world by belief in the virtuousness of work and that the road to happiness and prosperity lies in the organized diminution of work.

(现代社会中,有很多伤害来自于对工作美德的信仰;而通往幸福和繁荣的道路在于有组织性地减少工作。)

第 8 页

六、语法重点

1. 最高级(The Superlative)

短形容词:the + adj + est(the smallest, the tallest, the highest, the smartest)

长形容词:the most + adj(the most beautiful, the most intelligent, the most interesting)

前面必须加 the(唯一性需特指)

结构:the + 最高级 + of all

2. 现在完成进行时 vs 现在完成时

现在完成时:have/has + done(过去分词)

例:We’ve talked for a month.(我们聊了一个月了。→动作已完成,接下来不聊了)

现在完成进行时:have/has + been + doing(-ing 形式)

例:We’ve been talking for a month.(我们聊了一个月了。→动作持续了一段时间,还会继续下去)

关键区别:-ing 表示动作持续且将继续下去;-ed 表示动作基本完成

时间轴理解:

现在完成时:动作完成→结束

现在完成进行时:动作持续→还会继续

3. 动名词(Gerund)

动词+ ing 变成名词

例:sleep →sleeping(睡觉,名词)

用法:可作主语、表语、宾语

主语:Sleeping is my favorite activity.(睡觉是我最喜欢的活动。)

第 9 页

表语:What I like best in life is sleeping.(我最喜欢的事情就是睡觉。)

宾语:I enjoy sleeping.(我喜欢睡觉。)

七、复述故事练习

问题1:What made the fifth planet peculiar and what was the little prince’s reaction to it?(第五个星球特别在什么地方?小王子对它的反应是什么样的?)

参考答案:

The fifth planet was the smallest of all, with just enough room for a lamppost and a lamp lighter. The little prince found it peculiar/strange because there were no houses or people on the planet.

问题2:Why did the little prince find the lamplighter’s work meaningful?(小王子为什么觉得点灯人的工作很有意义?)

参考答案:

The little prince thought the lamplighter’s work was less absurd than others because it had meaning. Lighting the lamp was like creating a star or a flower, which made his job beautiful.(It’s a beautiful job.)

问题3:What problem did the lamplighter face and how did it affect him?(点灯人面临什么样的问题?这又如何影响他?)

参考答案:

The lamplighter said his job used to be reasonable when he only put the lamp out in the morning and lit it in the evening. But now the planet turns faster and orders have not changed, so he has to do it every minute, leaving him no time to rest.

问题4:What solution did the little prince suggest and what was the lamplighter’s response?(小王子建议了什么解决方法?点灯人的反应是什么?)

参考答案:

The little prince suggested walking right round the planet to stay in the sun a

第 10 页

nd take a break. However, the lamplighter said what he liked best was sleeping, which made the solution unhelpful for him.

八、观点辩论训练

辩题(Motion):Modern work is a source of fulfillment rather than a burden.(现代工作是满足感的来源,而不是一项负担。)

【正方观点】工作带来满足感

核心论点1:自我实现(Self-actualization)

fulfillment / satisfaction(满意感)

sense of purpose(目标感)

achievements / success(成就/成功)

通过工作实现对社会的贡献,感觉到自己的能力有用

核心论点2:财务独立(Financial independence)

financial independence / financial stability(财务独立/稳定)

better quality of life(更好的生活质量)

career development(职业发展)

工作是赚钱的方式,可以提高生活质量

breadwinner(养家糊口的人)

核心论点3:社会认同(Social recognition)

social contribution(社会贡献)

recognition(认可)

sense of belonging(归属感)

teamwork(团队合作)

核心论点4:个人成长(Personal growth)

第 11 页

learning opportunities(学习机会)

problem solving skills(解决问题的能力)

professional development(专业发展)

【反方观点】工作带来负担

核心论点1:压力与倦怠

stress / pressure / social pressure(压力)

burn out(倦怠/崩溃→像蜡烛烧干)

deadlines(截止日期)

overwork / overtime(过度工作/加班)

anxiety / depression(焦虑/抑郁)

核心论点2:时间挤压

work-life balance(工作生活平衡)

family time(家庭时间)

personal hobbies / personal interests(个人兴趣)

leisure(闲暇)

核心论点3:机械化与缺乏创造性

monotonous tasks / monotonous work(单调重复的工作)

lack of creativity(缺乏创造性)

automation(自动化)

核心论点4:幸福感牺牲

sacrifice(牺牲)

mental health issues(精神健康问题)

exhaustion(疲惫→同 burnout)

第 12 页

freedom loss(失去自由)

【辩论表达结构—— 总分总】

第一步:声明立场

I believe / I think / In my opinion / From my perspective / In my view

I strongly believe that…

I disagree with the idea that…

第二步:提出论点(提供 2-3 个论点,每个论点后面跟例子/数据支持)

论点1 + 例子

论点2 + 例子

第三步:总结重申

In conclusion / To sum up / Therefore / Thus / As a result

This proves that…

【正方示范段落】

I strongly believe that modern work is a source of fulfillment because it provides people with a sense of purpose and financial independence. Work allows people to discover their talents and contribute to society. It gives people a reason to wake up every morning and a goal to strive for.

For example, doctors often feel fulfilled by saving lives and improving the health of their patients. This sense of purpose is invaluable. Work is important to financial independence, which gives us better quality of life. People who work can provide for themselves and their families. In conclusion, modern work is not just a way to earn money but a path to having a sense of purpose, gaining financial independence, and contributing meaningfully to society. It is truly fulfilling.

【反方示范段落】

第 13 页

I disagree with the idea that modern work is fulfilling. In fact, it often creates stress, leads to burnout, and steals time from personal lives. Modern work environments are often high pressure and demand long hours, leading workers to burnout.

For example, workers in the financial industry often face a lot of stress and burnout due to many deadlines and high stakes. Modern work takes too much time, leaving little room for personal hobbies, family or leisure. A full-time employee might miss out on his or her family’s important events because of late-night meetings or overtime.

In summary, modern work often prioritizes efficiency over human well-being, leading to loss of personal time and unhappy lives. It feels more like a burden than a source of happiness.

九、课程总结与复习建议

1. 词汇复习计划

24 小时之内复习一遍

第 3 天再复习

第 6 天再复习

2. 象形词源回顾

L = Luna(月亮)→和光/月亮有关的词:lamp, light, lunar, lantern, luminous

R = head(头)→和统治/管理有关的词:rule, ruler, respect, regulate, regulation, realm

G = 骆驼(gamo)→和大/缓慢有关的词:gradually, giant, great

O = eye(眼睛)→和眼睛/看有关的词:obvious, observe, oculist, order

W = 蜿蜒道路→和擦拭动作有关的词:wipe

M = 水/波浪→和流逝/时间有关的词:minute, moment

第 14 页

3. 句法回顾

最高级的使用

现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时

动名词(动词+ing 变名词)

4. 阅读技巧巩固

意群理解法(意群断句)

视觉理解法(画面感)

5. 推荐延伸阅读

齐格蒙特·鲍曼《工作消费主义和新穷人》

罗素的 essays(杂文/议论文)

6. 学习建议

定合理目标:能读懂 60% →下一个目标 70%

如果现在只能读懂 30% →目标先达到 40-50%

每天学 20 分钟、30 分钟、1 小时都可以

关键是持续和坚持,日积月累

第 15 页
返回首页返回「英语」