《小王子》英语精读课笔记|Chapters 6 - 10:词汇·句法·阅读技巧·文化背景·故事复述
第一部分 Chapter 6 & 7
一、原文精读与词汇
原文片段:
“Little Prince! So bit by bit I came to understand your melancholy little life. For a long while, your sole amusement was the pleasure of sunsets.”
melancholy /‘melənkɒli/ adj. 悲伤的,忧郁的
例:your melancholy little life(你悲伤的小小人生)
sole /səʊl/ adj. 唯一的,仅有的= only
例:your sole amusement(你唯一的乐趣)
amusement /ə’mjuːzmənt/ n. 娱乐,消遣
pleasure /‘pleʃə/ n. 喜欢,愉悦,快乐
例:the pleasure of sunsets(看日落的快乐)
dusk /dʌsk/ n. 黄昏,日落= sunset
pace /peɪs/ n. 步伐,步速
例:pull your chair back a few paces(把椅子往后拉几步)
warning /‘wɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告,预警
动词形式:warn。someone warns that…(某人警告道……)
turn something over in one’s mind 在某人脑海中反复思考,前思后想
例:he’d been turning it over quietly in his mind for a long time
二、句法分析
1. as if 虚拟语气句型
原文:Without warning, as if he’d been turning it over quietly in his mind for a long time, he suddenly said…
解析:as if = as though,表示“仿佛,好像”。此处引导虚拟语气,表示与事实相反或假设的情况。
结构:主句+ as if + 虚拟语气从句
2. 定语从句(where 引导)
原文:I know a planet where there is a man with a bright red face.
解析:where 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 a planet。
主干:I know a planet.
从句:where there is a man with a bright red face(住着一个红脸男人的)
3. what’s the point of something? 某事有什么意义/用处?
例:So what’s the point of thorns then?(那刺有什么意义呢?)
三、词根词缀:inter- 前缀
inter- 表示“在……之间”(between)
interrupt v. 打断(inter=between + rupt=break,在中间打断)
international adj. 国际的(在国家之间)
interconnected adj. 相互联系的(彼此之间联系的)
intervene v. 干预(插到别人中间)
四、重点词汇补充
stare at 盯着看
stunned adj. 震惊的= astonished = shocked = surprised
grease /ɡriːs/ n. 油污,油脂
例:my fingers black with grease(手指黑乎乎的全是油污)
object /‘ɒbdʒɪkt/ n. 物件,物体
ashamed /ə’ʃeɪmd/ adj. 羞愧的
例:make someone a bit ashamed(使人感到羞愧)
swell with pride 骄傲得膨胀起来
swell v. 肿胀,膨胀
mushroom /‘mʌʃruːm/ n. 蘑菇(比喻没有感情、只知工作的功利之人)
million /‘mɪljən/ n. 一百万
英文数字规律:a thousand(千) -> a million(百万) -> a billion(十亿),每三个零递增
gobble up 狼吞虎咽地吞食
近义词:swallow(吞咽)
realize /‘rɪəlaɪz/ v. 意识到
unique /juː’nɪk/ adj. 独一无二的,特别的= special
blush /blʌʃ/ v. 脸红;n. 腮红
例:He blushed.(他脸红了。)
五、阅读技巧:先重点后细节
英文逻辑:TOPIC AND COMMENT STRUCTURE(话题-评论结构)
先把重点/大信息放在前面,再把细节放在后面。
中文习惯先铺垫再给结论,英文习惯开门见山直接说重点。
例:I know a planet(先说重点:我知道一个星球)
where there is a man with a bright red face(再补充细节:什么样的星球)
掌握这个语序规律,阅读速度会大幅提升。
六、文化背景:存在主义哲学
作者所处时代(20 世纪)的哲学思潮:
萨特(Sartre)和加缪(Camus)提出存在主义(Existentialism)。
核心观点:个体在宇宙中本身没有预设的意义,意义需要自己去寻找和创造。
孤独是人的核心困境,缺乏意义感也是孤独的一种表现。
小王子看 43 次日落,体现的是一种极致的孤独感。
七、故事复述(Chapter 6 & 7)
The Little Prince was feeling sad/lonely, so he liked watching sunsets on his planet. One day, he watched them forty-three times. Later, he asked the narrator if sheep eat flowers with thorns. This led to a discussion about what is truly important/serious. The Little Prince explained that if a sheep ate his flower, it would be like all the stars going out.
第二部分 Chapter 8 & 9
一、原文精读与词汇
原文片段:
“The Little Prince saw an enormous but swelling bud and realized that a marvelous apparition would soon emerge.”
bud /bʊd/ n. 花骨朵,花苞
swell /swel/ v. 肿胀,膨胀
例:swell with pride(充满骄傲,膨胀起来)
marvelous /‘mɑːvələs/ adj. 精彩的,极好的
象形词源:m 开头,源自腓尼基语中“海面波浪”的象形,表示宽广壮阔之物。
同族词:magnificent(壮丽的)
chamber /‘tʃeɪmbə/ n. 房间
例:green chamber(绿色的房间)
coquette /‘kɒket/ n. 卖弄风情的女人(源自法语)
反映文学作品中对女性复杂情感的理解。
crinkle /‘krɪŋl/ v. 使皱巴巴
bloom /bluːm/ v./n. 盛开,绽放
例:in the full bloom of her beauty(在她美丽完全盛开之时)
arrange /ə’reɪndʒ/ v. 安排,整理
例:arrange her petals one by one(一片一片地安排花瓣)
arranged marriage 包办婚姻
stifle /‘staɪfl/ v. 遏制,扼杀
例:stifle a yawn(遏制住哈欠)
例:The school system stifles creativity and innovation.
yawn /jɔːn/ v. 打哈欠
admiration /əd,mɪ’reɪʃn/ n. 敬仰之情,羡慕之情
二、词根词源:象形字母 C
C 的象形:弧形、环状物
contain v. 包含;遏制(像环一样包裹住)
circle n. 圆圈
cycle n. 循环
bicycle n. 自行车(两个轮子转来转去)
三、句法分析
1. 感叹句:How + adj. + 主语+ 谓语!
例:How beautiful you are!(你好漂亮啊!)
例:How exciting it is!(这件事如此振奋人心!)
例:How lovely you are!(你好可爱呀!)
2. 非谓语动词短语做状语(ed/ing 分词)
原文:He stood there confused, holding the glass globe.
解析:confused(过去分词,表示状态:困惑的)+ holding(现在分词,表示伴随动作)
补充信息修饰主句,说明“站在那里”时的状态和伴随动作。
例:She sat there crying, waiting for her boyfriend.
例:He walks through the door, smiling.
3. should have done 句型(本应该做但实际没做)
表示对过去的遗憾和后悔,与事实相反。
例:I should have judged her by her actions, not her words.
例:I never should have run away.
例:I should have guessed the tenderness behind her silly games.
核心句:I was too young to know how to love her.
四、重点词汇补充
modest /‘mɒdɪst/ adj. 谦虚的= humble
vanity /‘vænəti/ n. 虚荣心
词根 v-:拉丁语 vita(生命)/ 能量。v 开头的词多与生命力、能量有关。
同族词:vigor(能量), vitality(生命力), vivid(鲜活的)
complicated /‘kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ adj. 复杂的= complex
口语中:It’s a complicated situation.
windshield /‘wɪndʃiːld/ n. 挡风玻璃
wind(风)+ shield(挡住的东西)= 挡风玻璃
draft /drɑːft/ n. 气流,冷风
organized /‘ɔːɡənaɪzd/ adj. 有组织的,安排好的
organization n. 组织结构;组织(机构)
despite /dɪ’spaɪt/ prep. 尽管,虽然(后接名词结构)
例:despite his well-meaning love for her
mistrust /‘mɪstrʌst/ v. 不信任
miss- 前缀= wrong(错误的)
同族词:misinformation(错误信息), misunderstand(误解)
take something seriously 把某事当真,认真对待
perfume v. 使散发香气(重音在第二音节);n. 香水(重音在第一音节)
irritate /‘ɪrɪteɪt/ v. 使生气,激怒
tenderness /‘tendənəs/ n. 温柔,柔情
tender adj. 柔软的(肉质柔软;内心柔软)
confide in someone 向某人倾诉
judge someone by something 以某事来评判某人
例:I should have judged her by her actions, not her words.
contrary /‘kɒntrəri/ adj. 相反的,矛盾的
近义词:conflicting
五、作者背景:圣埃克苏佩里与爱情
《小王子》作者圣埃克苏佩里的婚姻经历:
妻子是外交官遗孀,两人一见钟情。
十五年婚姻中经历诸多争执,作者曾有背叛行为。
每次飞机失事或生病时都需要妻子照顾。
中年时意识到:太年轻,不懂如何去爱。
妻子鼓励他写作,否则不会有《小王子》这部作品。
妻子写了自传《玫瑰的回忆》。
六、故事复述(Chapter 8 & 9)
The Little Prince saw a swelling bud and realized that a beautiful flower would soon appear. The flower spent days choosing her colors and arranging her petals, wanting to look beautiful when she came out.
After a long wait, the flower finally came out and said, “I’m still half asleep and haven’t had time to do my hair.” The Little Prince could hardly contain his admiration. “How beautiful you are!” The flower wanted the Little Prince to fetch her some water and a windshield, demanding much attention and protection.
Despite his love for her, the Little Prince soon came to mistrust the flower because of her complicated emotions. Later, the Little Prince realized that the flower loved him. He said to the pilot, “I should have judged her by her actions, not her words.”
七、五个描述情感的句型
1. 主语+ could hardly contain + 某人的+ 情绪名词
例:The Little Prince could hardly contain his admiration.
可替换情绪:excitement, sadness, disappointment
2. 主语+ stood/sat there + 状态(ed 分词) + 伴随动作(ing 分词)
例:He stood there confused, holding the glass globe.
3. 主语+ was surprised + that 从句
例:He was surprised she didn’t blame him.
4. 主语+ took + 某人的+ 话语+ seriously + and became + 情绪
例:He took her careless remarks seriously and became very unhappy.
5. 主语+ should have judged + 某人+ by + 行动/行为+ not by + 言语
例:People should have judged others by their characters, not by their appearances.
第三部分 Chapter 10
一、原文精读与词汇
原文片段:
“A king lived on the asteroid three two five. He was dressed in purple and ermine and seated on a simple but majestic throne.”
asteroid /‘æstərɔɪd/ n. 小行星
词根:astron = star(星星)。同族词:astronomer(天文学家)
majestic /mə’dʒestɪk/ adj. 庄严的,威严的
与 magnificent、marvelous 同源,m 开头表示壮阔之物。
subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ n. 臣民,被统治的人
前缀 sub- = under(在…
下面)
同族词:subway(地铁,在地下运行的路), submarine(潜水艇,在海洋下面的)
subordinate n. 下属;adj. 下级的
recognize /‘rekəɡnaɪz/ v. 认出,识别;承认
recognition n. 认可,承认
approach /ə’prəʊtʃ/ v. 靠近,接近;n. 方法
magnificent /mæg’nɪfɪsnt/ adj. 壮丽的,华丽的
remain + doing/adj. 保持做某事/保持某种状态
例:He remained standing up.
例:remain happy / remain silent
二、句法:意群理解法(Chunking)
阅读时按意群断句,把长句拆成小语块理解:
The Little Prince glanced around / for somewhere to sit.
But the whole planet / was taken up / with the magnificent ermine cloak.
每个意群产生一个画面感,帮助快速理解。
三、重点词汇补充
etiquette /‘etɪket/ n. 礼仪,礼节
monarch /‘mɒnək/ n. 君主,国王= king
词根 mono- = one(一个)。mono- + -arch(统治)= 一人统治= 君主制
同族词:monopoly(垄断,一个人卖), monotone(单调的,一个音调)
forbid /fə’bɪd/ v. 禁止
例:Forbidden City(紫禁城,被禁止进入的城市)
近义词:ban
command /kə’mɑːnd/ v. 命令;n. 命令
commander n. 长官,指挥官
that’s an order.(这是一条命令。)
unusual /ʌn’juːʒuəl/ adj. 不同寻常的= strange = extraordinary = peculiar
thrown into confusion 陷入困惑/迷茫
stammer /‘stæmə/ v. 结巴,口吃= stutter
insist v. 坚持(后接 that 从句)
authority /ɔː’θɒrəti/ n. 权威
respect /rɪ’spekt/ v. 尊敬;n. 尊重
put up with 忍受= tolerate
disobedience /ˌdɪsə’biːdiəns/ n. 不服从
obedience n. 服从。dis- 否定前缀。
timidly /‘tɪmɪdli/ adv. 害羞地,胆怯地
reign over 统治(= rule over)
puzzled /‘pʊdld/ adj. 困惑的= confused
not only… but (also)… 不仅…
而且…
例:He wasn’t only an absolute monarch, but a universal one too.
favorable /‘feɪvərəbl/ adj. 有利的,合适的
例:till conditions are favorable(直到条件有利时)
consult /kən’sʌlt/ v. 咨询,查阅
calendar /‘kælɪndə/ n. 日历
obey /ə’beɪ/ v. 服从,遵从
minister /‘mɪnɪstə/ n. 部长
ministry n. 部(政府部门)。例:the Ministry of Foreign Affairs(外交部)
justice /‘dʒʊstɪs/ n. 司法,公正
social justice 社会正义
fight for social justice 为社会正义而奋斗
ambassador /æm’bæsədə/ n. 大使
例:cultural ambassador(文化大使)
例:an ambassador for the charity(慈善大使)
peculiar /pɪ’kjuːljə/ adj. 奇怪的,古怪的= strange
四、词根词源:mono- 前缀
mono- 表示“一个”(one)
monopoly n. 垄断(一个人卖)
monotone n. 单调的(一个音调)
monarch n. 君主(一人统治)
五、记忆方法:联想记忆法+ 间隔重复法
联想记忆法:把新学的词和已知的词挂钩,创造链接。
例:monarch = king = ruler,画一顶皇冠加强记忆。
间隔重复法(Spaced Repetition):
基于艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线,在关键时间点复习:
1. 课后 1 小时内
2. 第 1 天(24 小时内)
3. 第 3 天
4. 第 6 天
5. 第 21 天
每次只需 2-3 分钟瞄一眼,5 次合计不超过 10 分钟,即可形成长期记忆。
六、故事复述(Chapter 10)
A king lived on asteroid 325, dressed in purple and ermine, seated on a majestic throne. When he saw the Little Prince, he cried “Ah, a subject!” The Little Prince was puzzled — the planet was so tiny, what could a king reign over? The king said everything, for he was not only an absolute monarch but a universal one too. The Little Prince asked for a sunset, and the king consulted a calendar to find a favorable time. When the Little Prince wanted to leave, the king offered him a position as minister of justice or ambassador. The Little Prince t
hought grown-ups were really peculiar.
七、延伸讨论:领导力话题
问题1:如何看待国王的行为?他是否代表了一种特定的领导风格?
观点A:国王的领导风格很差,只专注于权力,不关心下属的需求。
The king has a poor leadership where the leader focuses on having power and gives orders without listening to others’ opinions or needs.
观点B:国王的领导力是无效的,因为没有人供他统治,权力是空洞的。
The king’s leadership seems ineffective because he doesn’t have anyone to reign over, and his power is empty.
问题2:什么是好的领导力?
观点A(同理心):好的领导具有同理心,能倾听他人的需求和感受。
Good leaders are empathetic and can listen to the needs and feelings of others.
观点B(合作精神):好的领导力是关于与他人合作实现共同目标。
Good leadership is about working with others towards shared goals.
Good leaders create a sense of belonging, making everyone feel valued.
第四部分 后续章节(酒鬼与商人)
一、酒鬼星球
原文片段:
“A drinker lived on the next planet. This was a very short visit but it plunged the Little Prince into a fit of depression.”
plunge /plʌndʒ/ v. 使突然陷入(一头扎入)
例:plunge someone into a fit of depression(使某人陷入一阵抑郁)
depression /dɪ’preʃn/ n. 抑郁,沮丧
前缀 de- = down(向下)+ press = 向下按压= 压抑= 抑郁
fit of 一阵(情绪)
例:a fit of depression(一阵抑郁)
collection /kə’lekʃn/ n. 收藏品,一系列
词根 c-(弧形,包裹)+ lect(选择)= 收集起来包裹在一起
lugubriously /‘luːɡəbrɪəsli/ adv. 悲伤地,忧郁地= sadly
inquire /ɪn’kwaɪə/ v. 询问(正式用语)
confess /kən’fes/ v. 坦白,承认
hang /hæŋ/ v. 悬挂
词根 h-:腓尼基语中象征篱笆、围墙、梯子,与高低连接有关。
同族词:high(高的), heaven(天堂,在上面), hell(地狱,在下面)
ashamed of 为…
感到羞愧
lapse into silence 陷入沉默
近义词:fall into silence, be thrown into silence
二、时态对比:一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 vs 现在进行时
1. 一般过去时(Simple Past)
表示过去某个时间发生的动作,已结束,对现在影响不明确。
例:A beetle arrived from somewhere or other.
2. 现在完成时(Present Perfect)
表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作/状态,对现在仍有影响。
结构:have/has + 过去分词
例:I’ve only been interrupted three times in the forty-four years I’ve lived on this planet.
例:I have lived on this planet for forty-four years.
3. 现在进行时(Present Continuous)
表示当下正在发生的动作。
结构:am/is/are + doing
例:I am managing them. I am counting and recounting them.
三、商人星球
原文片段:
“The fourth planet was the businessman’s. He was so busy that he didn’t even look up when the Little Prince arrived.”
idle away 虚度光阴,浪费(时间/生命)
idle adj. 闲散的,懒惰的= lazy
例:idle away my life = waste my life
appalling /ə’pɔːlɪŋ/ adj. 可怕的,令人震惊的
近义词:terrifying, shocking
rheumatism /‘ruːmətɪzəm/ n. 风湿病
attack n. 发作(像牛头冲撞一样袭击)。例:heart attack(心脏病发作)
twinkling /‘twɪŋklɪŋ/ adj. 闪闪发光的
twinkle v. 闪烁。例:Twinkle, twinkle, little star.
precise /prɪ’saɪs/ adj. 精确的,准确的
词根 p-:腓尼基语中象征旗子/矛,插在地上表示精准定位。
同族词:power(权力,插旗宣示主权), privilege(特权)
own /əʊn/ v. 拥有
ownership n. 所有权
句式:what are you doing with something?(你拿什么干什么?)
句式:what use is it to you to do something?(做某事对你有什么用处?)
materialism /‘mætɪəriəlɪzəm/ n. 物质主义
当时西方社会的财富观念:拥有更多物质资源= 积累更多财富= 地位更高。
patent /‘pætnt/ n. 专利;v. 申请专利
词根 p-:插旗宣示“这是我的”,所以专利就是宣示专属权。
manage /‘mænɪdʒ/ v. 管理;努力做(manage to do)
例:The boss manages a group of people.
例:The Little Prince managed to speak.
count /kaʊnt/ v. 数,计算
recount v. 再数一遍(re- = again)
workaholic /‘wɜːkhə’lɪk/ n. 工作狂
extraordinary /ɪk’strɔːdnəri/ adj. 非凡的,不寻常的
近义词:peculiar, unusual, special
四、延伸讨论:成功的话题
问题1:Success 对你意味着什么?
参考回答:
To me, success means achieving personal goals that bring fulfillment and happiness.
It’s not just about material wealth or recognition,
but also about having good health, good relationships,
and the ability to live in line with my values.
问题2:谈谈你感到成功的一次经历。
句型:I felt successful when I… because I was able to…
句型:I can remember feeling successful when… because…
问题3:社会是否以同样的方式定义成功?
观点A(同意):社会通常把成功与外部成就联系在一起。
Society often associates success with external achievements,
such as having a high-paying job, owning a house, or gaining recognition.
These are seen as universal signs of success because they reflect
financial stability and social status.
观点B(不同意):人们有不同的价值观和目标。
People have different values and goals,
so what one person considers success might not be the same for everyone else.
Some people define success in terms of career achievements,
while others focus on family life, personal happiness,
or making a difference in the community.
五、观点输出结构
发表观点的标准结构:
1. 先给出观点(argument)
2. 再提供证据支持(evidence)
证据类型:examples(例子), research data(研究数据), stories(故事)
核心原则:Think clearly, and you can speak clearly.
全文总结
本课涵盖《小王子》第6-10章,主要学习内容包括:
一、词汇方面:掌握了约 110 个高频基础词汇,包括 melancholy, sole, amusement, dusk, pace, warning, stunned, grease, ashamed, swell, mushroom, unique, blush, coquette, crinkle, bloom, arrange, stifle, admiration, vanity, complicated, windshield, draft, mistrust, perfume, irritate, tenderness, confide, contrary, asteroid, majestic, subject, recognize, approach,
etiquette, monarch, forbid, command, authority, minister, justice, ambassador, peculiar, plunge, depression, inquire, confess, appalling, rheumatism, precise, own, materialism, patent, manage, workaholic 等。
二、句法方面:
1. as if 虚拟语气句型
2. where 引导的定语从句
3. 非谓语动词短语做状语(ed/ing 分词)
4. should have done(本应该做但没做)
5. not only… but also 并列结构
6. 四种时态对比:一般过去时、现在完成时、现在进行时、一般现在时
三、阅读技巧:
1. 先重点后细节(TOPIC AND COMMENT STRUCTURE)
2. 意群理解法(Chunking)——按意群断句,产生画面感
3. 提问法—— 带着问题阅读,边读边思考
四、词根词源:
1. C 象形:弧形/环状物(contain, circle, cycle)
2. M 象形:波浪/壮阔(magnificent, marvelous)
3. H 象形:篱笆/梯子/高低连接(hang, high, heaven)
4. P 象形:旗子/矛(precise, power, privilege, patent)
5. A 象形:牛头(attack)
6. 前缀:sub-(下面)、mono-(一个)、miss-(错误)、dis-(否定)、re-(再次)
五、记忆方法:
1. 联想记忆法:新词与已知词挂钩
2. 间隔重复法:1 小时/1 天/3 天/6 天/21 天五个复习节点
六、文化背景:
1. 存在主义哲学(萨特、加缪)—— 孤独是人的核心困境
2. 作者圣埃克苏佩里的爱情与婚姻经历
3. 西方物质主义文化与二战后的酗酒现象
4. 欧洲从工作狂文化到注重生活平衡的价值观转变
七、核心主题:
爱与责任(小王子与玫瑰)—— “我太年轻,不知道如何去爱她”
什么是真正重要的(刺的意义、星星的意义、花的意义)
成人世界的功利与荒诞(国王、酒鬼、商人)
成功与幸福的定义(物质 vs 精神)
